The complementary roles played by forces of co-operation and competition in innovation and commercialisation have been known for a long time. The need of bridging between partly contradictory incentives and competencies among different actors is also strongly prevalent in processes of commercialisation (cf. roles of scientists, financiers, entrepreneurs).
Clusters can serve as an instrument for networks of actors to bridge between science and technical progress, on the one hand, and innovation/entrepreneurship/reaching out to markets, on the other hand. Clusters may serve this purpose through various mechanisms, e.g., attracting venture capitalists, creating a critical mass in various kinds of skills accumulation, attracting foreign entities critical for market access and linking them to local players, etc. Which are the most important mechanisms? Which ones should usefully be fostered under various circumstances? Which are the traps that should be avoided, in the short term vs. the long term?
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