The Whitebook points to certain categories of cluster policies (broker, demand, training, promotion of international linkages). All may have their pros and cons. What is most important to push for, how promote a sensible balance in the actions of government/policymakers, what is the appropriate level of engagement, so that governments in some areas catalyse but let the private sector free to take the lead, in others provide public goods (such as basic research, education, environmental protection)? Or should the proper approach be framed differently?
One should keep in mind that it is not only a question of which policies, but how they are pursued. Public measures may take the shape of subsidies that prevent change, or proactive programs that trigger competition and renewal. What is key to success - Need to keep in mind the presence of disparate interests, and incentives, among the players involved, what they strive for, how they interact, etc. Policies are pursued under all circumstances, for good or bad. Should they be constrained, or freed up, how can they become more consistent, across areas, over time?
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